Astronomy Practice Exam

Olympus Mons is classified as a volcano, specifically a shield volcano. This type of geological formation is characterized by its broad, gently sloping sides, which are formed by the flow of low-viscosity lava that can travel over great distances. Olympus Mons is the largest volcano in the solar system, towering approximately 13.6 miles (22 kilometers) high and spanning about 370 miles (600 kilometers) in diameter, which is roughly the size of the state of Arizona.

The formation of shield volcanoes like Olympus Mons occurs through repeated eruptions of basaltic lava, which builds up over time to create the expansive, shield-like profile. In addition to its size, Olympus Mons features a summit caldera, which is a large crater formed by the collapse of the volcano after a significant explosion or the draining of the magma chamber below. This volcanic activity is a key aspect of Mars' geological landscape, where tectonic activity is limited compared to Earth, allowing volcanoes to grow large without being eroded or altered significantly by tectonic shifts.

In summary, Olympus Mons exemplifies a volcanic formation due to its structure, geological processes, and distinctive characteristics associated with shield volcanism.